This tutorial shows you how to report a one way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) from SPSS in APA style. First, we provide a template that you can use to report your one way ANOVA in APA style. Then we show you how to populate this template using the SPSS output from your own ANOVA. Finally, we … Read more
Tables are used to organize numbers and/or text in columns and rows. Use tables (and charts) when doing so allows you to communicate your data more effectively than describing that data in the text. In this tutorial we show you how to format your SPSS tables in APA style. We will do some of this … Read more
Cronbach’s alpha is used to measure the reliability – or internal consistency – of a set of scale items. It can be used, for example, to assess the internal consistency of items on a Likert scale questionnaire. In this tutorial we will show you how to calculate and interpret Cronbach’s alpha in SPSS. Quick Steps … Read more
In this tutorial we will show you how to reverse score items (i.e., variables) in SPSS. Quick Steps Click Transform -> Recode into Same Variables Click Reset (recommended) Move the items that you need to reverse score from the box on the left to the Variables box Click Old and New Values Under Old Value, in the Value field, type the … Read more
In this tutorial we show you how to define Likert scale items (variables) in SPSS. What Are Likert Scale Items? Likert scale items (variables) are commonly used in the questionnaires that we use to measure respondents’ attitudes and opinions. Respondents are invited to indicate their level of agreement or disagreement, according to points on a … Read more
In this tutorial we show you how to report the results of Fisher’s exact test from SPSS in APA style. For additional information about formatting your reports, please refer to the APA Style website First, we present a template that you can use to report your Fisher’s exact test in APA style. Then we show … Read more
In this tutorial, we show you how to report a one sample t test performed in SPSS in APA style. For additional information about formatting reports, please refer to the APA Style website. First, we provide a template that you can use to report your one sample t test in APA style. Then we show … Read more
In this tutorial we show you how to report a Mann-Whitney U test from SPSS in APA style. For additional information about formatting your reports, please refer to the APA Style website. First, we provide a template that you can use to report your test in APA style. Then we show you how to populate … Read more
After you have run analyses or created charts and tables in SPSS, you may wish to export this information for use in another application. In this tutorial, we show you how to export SPSS output as a Word, Excel, PDF or other file type. Quick Steps Ensure that your output file is open in the … Read more
In this tutorial we show you how to report a Pearson correlation coefficient calculated in SPSS in APA style. For additional information about formatting your reports, please refer to the APA Style website. First, we provide two templates that you can use to report your Pearson correlation coefficients in APA style. Then we show you … Read more
This tutorial shows you how to create APA style charts in SPSS. Charts are referred to as “figures” in the APA Style guidelines and include bar charts, pie charts, line graphs, scatter plots, histograms, and so on. Quick Steps Create your desired chart in SPSS Double-click on the chart in the SPSS Output Viewer Select … Read more
In this tutorial, we show you how to report a Chi Square Test of Independence performed in SPSS in APA style. For additional information about formatting your reports in APA style, please refer to the APA Style website. First, we provide a template that you can use to report your Chi Square Test of Independence … Read more
There are two ways in which you can merge files (data sets) in SPSS. Firstly, you can merge files that contain the same variables (fields or columns) but different records or cases (rows). Secondly, you can merge files that contain the same records or cases (rows) but different variables (fields or columns). The steps for … Read more
The Split File option in SPSS allows you to split your dataset into subgroups so that you can run the same analyses for each subgroup. SPSS does not split your file physically. Rather it separates your analyses using the categorical variable that you have used to split – or group – your data. Examples of … Read more
In this tutorial we show you how to conduct simple main effects tests in SPSS for a two-way ANOVA with a significant interaction effect. We also show you how to interpret the results of these tests. The two-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) assesses the effects of two independent categorical variables on a continuous dependent variable. … Read more
The two-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) assesses the effects of two independent categorical variables on a continuous dependent variable. If you find a significant main effect for one or both of your independent variables with a two-way ANOVA – and you do not find a significant interaction effect between these variables – you can conduct … Read more
The two-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) is used to assess the effects of two independent categorical variables (such as gender and college major) – both alone and in combination with each other – on a continuous dependent variable (such as an exam score). In this tutorial we show you how to perform and interpret the … Read more
Sorting data in SPSS involves reordering the records or cases (rows) in your data set based on the values for one or more of the variables (fields or columns) in that data set. Some procedures in SPSS require that you sort your data in a specific way before you use them. In addition, sorting can … Read more
Side-by-side boxplots (or box and whisker plots) are a way of visually comparing the distribution of numeric data using the “five number summary” – the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum values – of two or more groups. They also allow us to identify any outliers that may exist in our data. This … Read more
A boxplot (also known as a box and whisker plot) is a way of graphically illustrating the distribution of numeric data using the “five number summary” of the data set – namely the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum values. It also identifies any outliers that may exist in the data set. This … Read more